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Adult ADHD and Comorbid Disorders Many adults with ADHD also suffer from comorbid conditions, such as major depressive disorder (Kessler and colleagues 2006). Many patients who are depressed are not able to respond well to medication and could be able to benefit from therapy. The most effective medications to treat the symptoms of ADHD are those that boost and balance levels of specific neurotransmitters in the brain. The most commonly prescribed stimulants are amphetamine, methylphenidate and similar drugs. Medicines Adults are able to take many different medications that are used for ADHD in children. The dosages and effects differ. A doctor will consider the individual's medical history, family history, and other health conditions to determine which medication is best for him or her. The most popular kind of ADHD medication is a stimulant. It adjusts levels of two chemical messengers in the brain called norepinephrine and dopamine. Stimulants such as methylphenidate or dextro-amphe (commonly known as Adderall) boost the supply of these neurotransmitters, which help improve focus and reduce impulsivity and aggression. These stimulants are available in different forms, including skin patches, liquids and chewable tablets. These long-acting stimulants are preferred as they lead to better patient compliance and more consistent, long-lasting improvement in symptoms. It is crucial to keep in mind that co-existing conditions like anxiety and depression can alter the effectiveness of ADHD medications. Therefore it is recommended that these disorders be treated first and medication used as a second measure. The drugs that can be used to treat comorbid disorders of mood are atomoxetine (Bupropion), tricyclic antidepressants as well as bupropion (Wilens 2004). Some patients may exhibit some patients may experience a “rebound” effect, where they experience a worsening of ADHD symptoms after discontinuing stimulant medication. In these cases a short trial of a low dose of stimulant medication can be helpful. Certain people are not able to tolerate stimulant medication or cannot use it due to drug misuse or other health conditions such as heart or hypertension problems that are severe. In these instances, non-stimulant drugs like atomoxetine or viloxazine are effective. These drugs don't have the same negative side effects as stimulants and are less likely to be abused or misused. Psychotherapy People with ADHD may benefit from psychotherapy (talk therapy). It can help them develop strategies to improve their lives, deal with stress and anxiety, resolve conflicts, and manage problems in relationships or at work. It can also aid with co-occurring mental illnesses like depression and substance abuse disorders. Talk therapies include cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), mind-body cognitive therapy, and schema therapy. These therapies are based on the notion that a person's beliefs and attitudes affect how they think, feel and behave. CBT assists a person to identify negative behaviors and thinking patterns, then develops and implements positive strategies to alter them. Meditation techniques are employed in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy to help people focus on their emotions and thoughts to control their impulses and improve executive functioning. Schema therapy, along with other forms psychotherapy that focus on a person’s family history could be beneficial for people with ADHD. Psychotherapy, as well as medication, can help with specific ADHD problems, such as difficulties with schoolwork or getting along with others. It can also help with forgetting important dates and obligations and making decisions that are impulsive and lead to financial and legal issues. Psychotherapy can help someone overcome the root issues like anxiety and depression that could contribute to their ADHD symptoms. Psychotherapy can assist people in finding healthy coping techniques and reduce stress. For instance exercise, sleep improvement, and healthy eating habits. It can also provide assistance to a family or partner member who may be dealing with the effects of ADHD on their relationship. Family therapy and marriage counseling can help families and couples learn to communicate better and manage ADHD symptoms together. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) CBT is a form of psychotherapy which focuses on changing the negative patterns of thinking that clients have. It involves a dialog based on skill with a mental health professional to address the underlying reason for the symptoms. The aim of this treatment is to correct impairments and implement coping strategies that are compatible with the client's daily life. In addition, they teach clients to recognize harmful thoughts, those who specialize in adult ADHD CBT aid them in developing abilities that enable them to replace negative thoughts with more productive ones. The process can be long. It is an option for those who are unable to get enough relief from their medication. A recent RCT study found that when combined with medication, CBT is superior to CBT on its own in reducing the core symptoms, emotional symptoms self-esteem, and social functioning in adults with ADHD (Clarke and colleagues., 2017). The combination of CBT and methylphenidate is especially effective for those who have more severe underlying problems. The therapists who provide this kind of treatment usually collaborate with the client to develop an action plan that is specific to addressing their problems. They typically teach them a set of practical skills that are easy to apply and have a high likelihood of success. Often a chart system is used to monitor progress and reward positive behavior. For children, this could include a daily report that lists all the school tasks or positive behavior they must perform and a system for recording and earning rewards. Therapists can also talk about the possibility that negative consequences may be imposed if a child fails to complete their tasks. This can be done with sensitivity and support. Metacognitive Therapy Metacognitive therapy is an innovative type of psychotherapy that assists people change their mindset. This kind of therapy is effective for those who suffer from a variety of mental health problems such as depression. It's a form of cognitive behavioral therapy that assists people recognize their negative thinking patterns and how they impact their moods. This type of therapy may also help them acquire psychological tools that are adaptable and effective. The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between metacognitive capabilities and daily functioning in adults suffering from ADHD. To achieve this we compared self- and informant-rated deficits in daily functioning to predictors of metacognition (comprehensive knowledge and cognition regulation debugging, information management and evaluation). The results showed that comprehensive knowledge was associated with daily functioning among adults suffering from ADHD but not with regulation processes. Metacognition predictors had a moderate predictive power, which suggests they could explain an important amount of variance in daily functioning of adults suffering from ADHD. Metacognitive Therapy (MCT) is an treatment that focuses on changing dysfunctional metacognitive belief patterns that perpetuate states such as worry, rumination, or attention fixation. Adrian Wells developed MCT based on an idea of information processing by Wells and Gerald Matthews. One case series has demonstrated the effectiveness of MCT in reducing anxiety, but it's still relatively new and more research is needed to determine its efficacy for other disorders. adult adhd treatment was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of MCT in the reduction of symptoms of illness anxiety disorder, but it can be applied to a variety of disorders, and may be more effective than other treatments. It is not an effective treatment, but it can be utilized to treat ADHD. Family Therapy In family therapy the therapy therapist works with the entire family. Everyone can gain a better understanding of the issues of the client and learn to assist their loved ones. It also helps them find ways to manage their own feelings of frustration and improve their communication skills. In addition, this type of therapy is helpful in addressing comorbid conditions such as depression and substance misuse which are often associated with ADHD. The therapist will begin with an intake session to get a better understanding of the family's view of the problem and evaluate their ability to intervene with the family. This can be done in person or via the internet. The Therapist will discuss the nature of the treatment with each individual and set out the rules and guidelines of family therapy. A therapist with experience treating adults with ADHD asks lots of questions to gain an understanding of the current symptoms, their past, and the impact they have on their work, family and personal relationships. how to treat adhd will also inquire if any other mental issues are present, like anxiety or depression. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a structured form of counseling which teaches you to change your negative thinking patterns and manage your behavior. It is focused on improving self-esteem and self-control through teaching strategies to manage anger and stress. This is a temporary option that can be utilized in conjunction with other types psychotherapy. Individual therapy can help people with ADHD deal with emotional burdens resulting from long-standing patterns of underachievement, failure academic struggles frequent job changes, and conflicts in relationships. It can help you learn stress reduction and coping techniques as well as how to manage your financial and time management. It can also address comorbid disorders such as depression and anxiety which are frequently associated as a result of ADHD.